Things You Should Know About the Energey Sector
Energy resources traditionally make up a substantial part of Russia's export revenues. But what part of its oil and natural gas does Russian federation swallow domestically and is it working on developing renewable energy resources?
one. How much energy does Russia produce?
The official statistics from the Ministry of Energy show that in 2018 Russia pumped near 556 meg tons of crude oil (including gas condensate) - a record in the last 30 years and close to the all-time maximum of 569.4 million tons back in 1987. Terminal year, the country also produced 725.four billion cubic meters of natural gas, 439.iii meg tons of coal and one.092 trillion kWh of electricity.
To put this into perspective, according to Tatiana Mitrova, Caput of Energy Center at the Moscow School of Direction Skolkovo, such production volumes make Russia the third largest producer of free energy later the United States and Communist china. "We provide 10 per centum of global primary energy product... And xvi percent of the whole global energy trade is provided past Russian federation. It's really the biggest one if you put together different energy sources," she said speaking at the UNICON 2019 Directors Conference in Moscow on Apr 24.
Tatiana Mitrova, Moscow Schoolhouse of Direction Skolkovo
two. How much of it does Russia eat domestically?
Out of 556 million tons of crude oil that Russia produced in 2018 - 409.iii million tons were exported. The big outflux is because the country'south domestic consumption of oil has gradually been decreasing over the last 20 years: since 1990 exports of oil have climbed from 47.7 percent to 73.6 percentage of total oil product. This is largely due to oil consumption being substituted by the increased consumption of natural gas. Nevertheless, Russia remains the fourth largest energy consumer in the world with 5 percent share of global consumption.
"52 percent of total primary energy consumption is provided past natural gas which is the fossil fuel that produces the lowest amount of carbon gas emissions," Mitrova explains. "There is quite a good percentage of nuclear and hydro energy, as well as modest shares of other renewables, like solar and air current. But hydro is quite important."
According to BP, in 2017 natural gas provided for 52.3 percent domestic consumption followed by oil (about 22 percentage) and coal (13 pct). Renewables were the fastest-growing fuel but contributed only 0.04 percent to Russia'due south primary energy consumption; in comparison, nuclear accounted for 6.half dozen percent.
3. Which countries are the primary consumers of Russian energy?
The Cardinal Banking company of Russia's statistics show that in 2018 Russian federation exported 260.ii 1000000 tons of crude oil, 150.1 1000000 tons of oil products, 220.6 billion cubic meters of natural gas, and 36.7 cubic meg cubic meters of liquefied natural gas (LNG).
According to Russian Vedomosti, oil exports take been largely refocusing from European to Asian consumers, with considerable volumes going to China. Co-ordinate to reports, in 2018 Russia supplied 71.v meg tons of oil products to China (a 20 per centum increase from 2017).
What'due south too interesting is that the U.S. has increasingly been buying Russian oil to make up for lost deliveries from sanctions-hitting Venezuela and supply cuts by OPEC members. Just in the first one-half of May, 13 ships from Russia delivered 5 million barrels of crude oil and oil products to the U.Southward. For all of 2018, shipments were near 137 million, according to Environmental impact assessment data.
As for natural gas, Russian state corporation Gazprom announced information technology supplied a total of 200.8 billion cubic meters of gas to Europe in 2018. Amid the key importers are Germany (58.5 bcm), Turkey (nearly 24 bcm), Italy (22.8 bcm), U.k. (14.iii bcm) and France (almost 13 bcm).
In addition, Cathay and Russian federation have agreed on an annual supply of 1.iii trillion cubic meters of gas as soon equally the Ability of Siberia pipeline is operational.
Russian LNG (liquefied natural gas), in turn, made upwardly five.8 pct of all energy exports and primarily went to Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan - as reported by the International Grouping of LNG Importers (GIIGNL).
four. Is Russian federation developing alternative energy?
Yeah. Co-ordinate to Mitrova, Russia is gradually investing in renewables by trying to localize equipment and obtain necessary competencies. Authorities are trying to create conditions for renewables to go economically competitive in particular locations.
"This is what the Russian government is trying to do with air current and solar [energy] right at present. They've created a special tariff and are supporting it over other types of ability generation. They aim to localize equipment production here in Russian federation and reach large scale production, which will permit the free energy to be sold at a lower price," she says.
"Afterward the necessary framework is created and initial investments in R&D are made, after the gray zones in regulation and smaller obstacles which are poisoning the life of companies developing renewables are removed, the state tin step back and allow the industry develop independently," she says. "But this is only on the horizon in 10-xv years. Later grid parity has more or less been achieved and new energy sources can compete. And then permit the marketplace work. In Russian federation the state of affairs is aggravated by the heritage of country planning and strong centralization of the energy sector."
One of the get-go positive examples of renewables pushing their fashion onto the market is of Russian company RusHydro that has launched a 900-kilowatt air current power plant in an Arctic settlement in the Yakutia region of Russia's Far East.
Over the past five years, hydropower generation holding RusHydro has too deputed and built 19 solar ability plants with a combined chapters of 1.6 megawatts and iv wind plants with a combined capacity of iii.one MW in Russian federation's Far East.
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Source: https://www.rbth.com/business/330435-russias-energy-explained
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